(Viannia) levando à leishmaniose mucocutânea. As infecções humanas por Leishmania provocam lesões cutâneas, com uma minoria de infecções por L. A maioria dos casos de infecção humana é causada pelos parasitas Leishmania do subgênero Viannia. Os vetores flebótomos pertencem a vários subgêneros e ao grupo Verrucarum. Leishmaniasis Andean Ecosystem Endemic Diseases Vector ControlĮste trabalho revisa o conhecimento atual sobre a epidemiologia da leishmaniose na Venezuela, Colômbia, Equador, Peru e Bolívia, países nos quais a doença é endêmica, tanto nos Andes quanto na Amazônia. Finally, we look at the current control strategies and review the recent studies on control. Secondly, we describe the variation in transmission ecology, outlining those variables which might affect the prevention strategies. Such information should provide a rational basis for prioritizing control resources, and for selecting therapy regimes. The paper first addresses the burden of disease caused by leishmaniasis, focusing on both incidence rates and on the variability in symptoms. Reservoir hosts for domestic transmission cycles are uncertain. In each country a significant proportion of Leishmania transmission is in or around houses, often close to coffee or cacao plantations.
Visceral leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are both rare. (Viannia) infections leading to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Human Leishmania infections cause cutaneous lesions, with a minority of L. Most human infections are caused by Leishmania in the Viannia subgenus. The sandfly vectors belong to subgenera Helcocyrtomyia, Nyssomiya, Lutzomyia, and Psychodopygus, and the Verrucarum group. In all 5 countries leishmaniasis is endemic in both the Andean highlands and the Amazon basin. This paper reviews the current knowledge of leishmaniasis epidemiology in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.